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What is Alkaline Phosphatase?
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein widely found in almost all living tissues, from bacteria to mammals [1, 2]. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at alkaline pH, namely the cleavage of these compounds into simpler substances [2, 3].
What does Alkaline Phosphatase do?
ALP plays a critical role in many crucial functions: its presence is necessary for DNA synthesis; it participates in the calcification of bones and dragging down the inflammatory response [4].
It is involved in the transport of phosphate out of epithelial cells of the intestine, and it plays an important role in bone calcification [2, 5].
According to the site of tissue expression, four isozymes of ALP are currently defined: intestinal ALP, placental ALP, germ cell ALP and the liver/bone/kidney (L/B/K) or tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, with clear functional differences between them [2, 4].
As an example in clinical medicine, ALP has long been one of the most frequently assayed enzymes in routine clinical testing.
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